US States
Fast-moving patchwork of binding state laws under federal preemption pressure
Regulatory posture
With Washington declining to legislate, states became America's de facto AI regulators: Texas's TRAIGA, California's frontier-model transparency law (SB 53) and training-data disclosure rules all took effect in 2026. EO 14365's litigation task force now contests this patchwork, making US compliance a two-front battlefield.
Tracked
- In force9
- Coming into force3
- Signals8
Set last reviewed 16 October 2026
Next review 13 November 2026
Tracked instruments
- Colorado AI ActThe first comprehensive US state AI law, now re-enacted: developers and deployers of AI used in consequential decisions (employment, lending, housing, healthcare) owe dut…Employment & LaborStandards & Assurance
- NY RAISE ActNew York's frontier-model law requires large developers to publish safety protocols and report serious safety incidents, following California's transparency-first templat…Frontier AI Safety
- Connecticut SB 5Connecticut's omnibus AI and online safety law, signed 27 May 2026 and applying from 1 October 2026. It sets disclosure duties for AI subscriptions and AI companions, rul…Frontier AI SafetyEmployment & LaborStandards & Assurance
- California SB 813Signed by Governor Newsom on 9 September 2026 alongside AB 1405, SB 813 creates a framework for accredited independent verification organisations to assess AI safety prac…Frontier AI SafetyStandards & Assurance
- California SB 942Requires large GenAI providers (over 1M monthly users) to offer free AI-detection tools and embed latent provenance disclosures in AI-generated content; AB 853 (2025) del…Standards & AssuranceIP & Copyright
- Texas TRAIGATexas's AI law (effective 1 Jan 2026) takes an intent-based approach: it prohibits developing or deploying AI to unlawfully discriminate, manipulate behavior, or produce …Biometrics & SurveillanceGovernance & Procurement
- California SB 53The first US law regulating frontier AI developers specifically: large developers must publish frontier AI frameworks, report catastrophic-risk safety incidents to the st…Frontier AI Safety
- California AB 2013Requires developers of generative AI systems made available in California to publish documentation of training datasets — sources, whether copyrighted or personal data is…IP & CopyrightData & Privacy
- Illinois HB 3773Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act to prohibit employers from using AI that discriminates in recruitment, hiring, promotion or discipline — including via zip-code proxi…Employment & Labor
- ELVIS ActThe first US law protecting voice against AI cloning: extends right-of-publicity protection to voice likeness and creates liability for distributing AI voice-cloning tool…IP & Copyright
- Utah AI Policy ActAn early, light-touch state law: companies cannot blame generative AI for consumer-protection violations, regulated professions must disclose AI use, and an Office of AI …Standards & AssuranceData & Privacy
- NYC Local Law 144The first US law mandating independent bias audits: employers using automated employment decision tools for NYC hiring must obtain annual bias audits, publish results, an…Employment & LaborStandards & Assurance
Upcoming compliance dates
New York RAISE Act — frontier developer registration opens
Frontier AI developers must begin registering with New York State from November 2026 under the RAISE Act, ahead of full compliance duties, including 72-hour safety-incident reporting, from January 2027. A new state digital office oversees compliance.
Colorado re-enacted AI law takes effect
SB 26-189 replaces the suspended SB 24-205 with an automated decision-making technology act: duties against algorithmic discrimination, documentation and consumer notices for AI used in consequential decisions.
Signals
Connecticut's AI and online safety law takes effect
Public Act 26-15 and companion privacy amendments took effect, covering AI chatbot disclosures, facial recognition and surveillance pricing.
ContextCalifornia enacts SB 574 on lawyers' and arbitrators' use of generative AI
The first state statute on attorney AI use. It bars delegating the practice of law to generative AI and requires lawyers to verify citations and disclose AI use in court filings. Arbitrators may not delegate decisions to AI. It takes effect 1 January 2027.
ContextNew York sets frontier developer registration for November
Governor Hochul announced that frontier AI developers must register with the state from November 2026 under the RAISE Act, with full duties from January 2027.
ContextCalifornia signs SB 813 and AB 1405 on independent AI verification
Governor Newsom signed the first US laws creating accredited AI verification organisations and standards for AI auditors, calling on the federal government to follow.
ContextCalifornia closes its session having sent a slate of AI bills to the Governor
The 2026 session ended on 31 August with sixteen AI bills passed, including SB 813 on independent safety verification. The Governor has until 30 September to sign or veto.
ContextCourt suspends Colorado AI Act enforcement after DOJ intervenes
In X.AI v. Colorado, enforcement of SB 24-205 was suspended days after DOJ intervened under the December 2025 preemption order. It was the first live use of the federal AI Litigation Task Force. Colorado then repealed and re-enacted the law (SB 26-189) with a 1 January 2027 start.
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